Table 1 The clinicoradiological features of participants
| Â | Training set | validation set | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benign nodules (n = 127) | Validate adenocarcinoma (n = 108) | P-value | Benign nodules (n = 48) | Validate adenocarcinoma (n = 53) | P-value | |
Age | 47.73 ± 10.92 | 50.32 ± 11.71 | 0.075 | 49.10 ± 9.95 | 50.04 ± 11.44 | 0.752 |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.068 | Â | Â | 0.425 |
Male | 50(56.2%) | 39(43.8%) | Â | 28(58.3%) | 35(66%) | Â |
Female | 77(52.7%) | 69(47.3%) | Â | 20(41.7%) | 18(34%) | Â |
Nodule involved lobe | Â | Â | 0.211 | Â | Â | 0.431 |
Upper right lung | 45(35.4%) | 33(30.5%) | Â | 18(37.5%) | 23(43.4%) | Â |
Right middle lung | 8(6.3%) | 4(3.7%) | Â | 1(2.1%) | 3(5.7%) | Â |
Lower right lung | 25(19.7%) | 14(13.0%) | Â | 7(14.5%) | 7(13.2%) | Â |
Upper left lung | 26(20.5%) | 34(31.5%) | Â | 15(31.3%) | 9(17.0%) | Â |
Lower left lung | 23(18.1%) | 23(21.3%) | Â | 7(14.6) | 11(20.7%) | Â |
Long Diameter(mm) | 8.92 ± 3.66 | 11.49 ± 5.29 | < 0.001 | 11.12 ± 5.12 | 11.80 ± 6.09 | 0.139 |
Short Diameter(mm) | 7.13 ± 2.84 | 8.74 ± 4.27 | 0.008 | 8.31 ± 3.58 | 8.81 ± 4.37 | 0.083 |
Average diameter(mm) | 8.23 ± 3.23 | 10.24 ± 4.77 | < 0.001 | 9.72 ± 4.25 | 10.31 ± 5.17 | 0.095 |
Shape | Â | Â | 0.284 | Â | Â | 0.966 |
regular | 111(55.5%) | 89(44.5%) | Â | 40(83.3%) | 44(83%) | Â |
Irregular | 16(45.7%) | 19(54.3%) | Â | 8(16.7%) | 9(17%) | Â |
Lobulation | Â | Â | 0.056 | Â | Â | 0.143 |
Absent | 105(57.4%) | 78(42.6%) | Â | 41(85.4%) | 39(73.6%) | Â |
Present | 20(41.2%) | 30(58.8%) | Â | 7(14.6%) | 14(26.4%) | Â |
Burr | Â | Â | 0.058 | Â | Â | 1.000 |
Absent | 122(55.7%) | 97(44.3%) | Â | 45(93.8%) | 50(94.3%) | Â |
Present | 5(31.3%) | 11(68.8%) | Â | 3(6.3%) | 3(5.7%) | Â |
Boundary | Â | Â | 0.051 | Â | Â | 0.223 |
Clear | 125(53.6%) | 108(46.4%) | Â | 46(95.8%) | 53(100.0%) | Â |
Blur | 2(100%) | 0(0%) | Â | 2(4.2%) | 0(0.0%) | Â |
pleural traction | Â | Â | 0.043 | Â | Â | 0.049 |
Absent | 115(56.7%) | 88(43.3%) | Â | 44(91.7%) | 41(77.4%) | Â |
Present | 12(37.5%) | 20(62.5%) | Â | 4(8.3%) | 12(22.6%) | Â |
Air bronchogram | Â | Â | 0.018 | Â | Â | 0.600 |
Absent | 115(57.2%) | 86(42.8%) | Â | 40(83.3%) | 42(79.2%) | Â |
Present | 12(35.3%) | 22(64.7%) | Â | 8(16.7%) | 11(20.8%) | Â |
Vacuole sign | Â | Â | 0.058 | Â | Â | 0.165 |
Absent | 122(55.7%) | 97(44.3%) | Â | 46(95.8%) | 46(86.8%) | Â |
Present | 5(31.3%) | 11(68.8%) | Â | 2(4.2%) | 7(13.2%) | Â |
Vascular abnormal |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.012 |
Absent | 24(18.9%) | 5(4.6%) | Â | 11(22.9%) | 3(5.7%) | Â |
Present | 103(81.1%) | 103(95.4%) | Â | 37(77.1%) | 50(94.3%) | Â |
Family_history | Â | Â | 0.925 | Â | Â | 0.473 |
Absent | 118(54.1%) | 100(45.9%) | Â | 46(95.8%) | 49(92.5%) | Â |
Present | 9(52.9%) | 8(47.1%) | Â | 2(4.2%) | 4(7.5%) | Â |
Smoking | Â | Â | 0.941 | Â | Â | 0.032 |
Absent | 103(53.9%) | 88(46.1%) | Â | 32(66.7%) | 45(84.9%) | Â |
Present | 24(54.5%) | 20(45.5%) | Â | 16(33.3%) | 8(15.1%) | Â |
WBC(×109/L) | 5.61 ± 1.90 | 5.40 ± 1.44 | 0.685 | 6.00 ± 2.39 | 5.29 ± 1.49 | 0.178 |
Tumor markers(U/ml) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CEA | 2.01 ± 1.57 | 1.87 ± 1.07 | 0.861 | 1.93 ± 1.15 | 1.78 ± 1.21 | 0.181 |
CA153 | 8.80 ± 4.22 | 9.29 ± 4.84 | 0.479 | 10.63 ± 6.81 | 9.61 ± 5.25 | 0.514 |
NSE | 10.27 ± 4.14 | 10.82 ± 8.99 | 0.919 | 9.26 ± 3.87 | 10.24 ± 3.86 | 0.223 |
SCCA | 0.84 ± 0.38 | 0.89 ± 1.17 | 0.635 | 0.85 ± 0.31 | 0.95 ± 0.84 | 0.771 |
cyfra21.1 | 1.33 ± 0.64 | 1.40 ± 0.64 | 0.248 | 1.58 ± 1.38 | 1.37 ± 0.59 | 0.713 |
CA125 | 12.57 ± 8.32 | 13.38 ± 9.02 | 0.085 | 11.63 ± 7.97 | 14.74 ± 9.25 | 0.054 |
ProGRP | 36.63 ± 11.56 | 36.14 ± 11.42 | 0.636 | 34.37 ± 9.10 | 34.98 ± 15.40 | 0.833 |