Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization as a marker for difficult-to-manage exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD): the DiMECO Study

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for prolonged LOS (≥ 9 days)

	Multivariate LR Model (Backward LR Method: Final Step)
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p
Smoking (ref: active smoking)	1.9 (0.9–3.9)	0.057
Biomass exposure (ref: No)	2.4 (1.3–4.4)	0.004
Past history of NIMV (ref: No)	2.9 (1.2–7.3)	0.018
Heart failure (ref: No)	1.9 (0.9-4.0)	0.069
Lung cancer (ref: No)	3.4 (0.8–13.5)	0.087
Failure to apply to the hospital despite the presence of symptoms longer than 5 days (ref: ≤5 days)	1.7 (0.9-3.0)	0.099
PO₂<60 mmHg (ref: ≥60 mmHg)	1.7 (0.9–3.1)	0.071
HCO₃ < 22 (ref:≥22)	3.2 (1.2–8.8)	0.022
High CRP (ref: normal)	1.9 (0.9–3.7)	0.060
Antibiotic change during hospitalization (ref: No)	2.9 (1.2-7.0)	0.014
Need for theophylline (ref: No)	3.1 (1.3–7.1)	0.008
Increasing O₂requirement in hospital (ref: No)	2.2 (1.2–4.2)	0.014
Need for NIVM in-hospital (ref: No)	3.5 (1.5–8.1)	0.003
Need for nutritional supplement in-hospital (ref: No)	2.7 (1.1–6.4)	0.026
Need for physiotherapy in-hospital (ref: No)	2.6 (1.4–4.8)	0.003

*Variables with P < 0,05 as determined by univariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis. NIMV: noninvasive mechanical ventilation, CRP: C reactive protein, HCO₃: Bicarbonate, PO₂: partial oxygen pressure

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