Table 4 Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed factors associated with LVI in patients with tumors ≤ 3 cm
From: A nomogram for predicting lymphovascular invasion in lung adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 0.984 (0.957–1.012) | 0.268 | ||
Sex, n (%) | 0.225 | |||
Male | Reference | |||
Female | 1.389 (0.817–2.363) | |||
Smoking history, n (%) | 0.869 | |||
No | Reference | |||
Yes | 0.954 (0.543–1.675) | |||
CEA (ng/mL), n (%) | 0.001 | Reference | 0.014 | |
≤ 5 | Reference | 2.190 (1.180–4.080) | ||
> 5 | 2.577 (1.438–4.616) | 1.880 (1.120–3.160) | ||
Diameter, cm (mean ± SD) | 2.350 (1.450–3.810) | 0.001 | 0.016 | |
Location, n (%) | 0.477 | |||
Left lung | Reference | |||
Right lung | 0.824 (0.484–1.405) | |||
Border, n (%) | 0.894 | |||
Sharp | Reference | |||
Ill-defined | 1.053 (0.495–2.239) | |||
Shape, n (%) | 0.579 | |||
Regular | Reference | |||
Irregular | 1.162 (0.684–1.975) | |||
Spiculation, n (%) | P < 0.001 | Reference | P < 0.0001 | |
Absent | Reference | 3.760 (2.080–6.800) | ||
Present | 4.254 (2.399–7.543) | |||
Lobulation, n (%) | P < 0.001 | |||
Absent | Reference | |||
Present | 3.312 (1.840–5.962) | |||
Vacuole sign, n (%) | 0.179 | |||
Absent | Reference | |||
Present | 0.564 (0.244–1.300) | |||
Air bronchogram, n (%) | 0.155 | |||
Absent | Reference | |||
Present | 0.384 (0.103–1.435) | |||
Pleural indentation, n (%) | 0.426 | |||
Absent | Reference | |||
Present | 1.241 (0.729–2.113) | |||