Table 2 Results of HRCT, echocardiography, 6-minute walking test, and blood tests
From: Assessment of novel cardiovascular biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Subjects (n = 120) | Pre-COPD (n = 23) | COPD (n = 97) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chest HRCT | ||||
LAA% for the upper lung field (%) | 12.3 ± 17.5 | 2.2 ± 7.9 | 14.8 ± 18.3 | < 0.0001 |
Echocardiography | ||||
LVDd (mm) | 46.8 ± 4.5 | 47.6 ± 3.8 | 46.2 ± 5.7 | 0.4452 |
EF (%) | 67.5 ± 5.3 | 68.0 ± 4.0 | 68.5 ± 5.4 | 0.5705 |
E/A | 0.80 ± 0.26 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.0044 |
DT (second) | 223.8 ± 36.3 | 219.5 ± 39.3 | 208.1 ± 25.7 | 0.6202 |
E/E’ | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 0.2055 |
RVSP (mmHg) | 27.3 ± 6.7 | 27.7 ± 4.6 | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 0.9470 |
CO (L/minute) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 0.7288 |
Six-minute walking test | ||||
Walking distance (m) | 527.5 ± 101.7 | 558.6 ± 86.4 | 520.1 ± 104.0 | 0.1066 |
Borg scale | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 0.0450 |
Initiate SpO2 (%) | 96.5 ± 1.4 | 97.1 ± 1.1 | 96.4 ± 1.4 | 0.0235 |
Minimal SpO2 (%) | 91.0 ± 5.5 | 93.7 ± 3.3 | 90.3 ± 5.8 | 0.0026 |
Initiate PR (beats/minute) | 77.1 ± 11.5 | 75.0 ± 10.0 | 77.6 ± 11.8 | 0.2996 |
Maximal PR (beats/minute) | 124.0 ± 15.9 | 126.7 ± 11.7 | 123.3 ± 16.7 | 0.2526 |
Blood test | ||||
Gal-3 (pg/mL) | 1733.7 ± 4286.3 | 724.5 ± 780.9 | 1973.0 ± 4725.8 | 0.0565 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.45 ± 4.41 | 3.83 ± 9.63 | 2.12 ± 1.50 | 0.2297 |
CC16 (ng/mL) | 9.29 ± 5.69 | 8.95 ± 3.88 | 9.38 ± 6.05 | 0.5462 |
sRAGE (pg/mL) | 1035.2 ± 554.6 | 1278.3 ± 721.5 | 977.6 ± 494.5 | 0.0500 |