Table 2 Association of quartiles of pan-immune inflammation value on study outcomes

Symptoms, OR (95%CI)

 Cough

  PIV100 per SD

1.20 (1.07, 1.34)

0.002

1.12 (1.03, 1.25)

0.042

1.08 (1.01, 1.10)

0.023

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.74 (1.34, 2.28)

 < 0.001

1.64 (1.25, 2.15)

 < 0.001

1.57 (1.18, 2.11)

0.002

  Q3

2.04 (1.57, 2.65)

 < 0.001

1.87 (1.44, 2.44)

 < 0.001

1.65 (1.24, 2.21)

 < 0.001

  Q4

2.56 (1.99, 3.31)

 < 0.001

2.24 (1.73, 2.92)

 < 0.001

1.94 (1.47, 2.57)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Phlegm

  PIV100 per SD

1.16 (1.05, 1.31)

0.014

1.11 (1.02, 1.25)

0.064

1.07 (1.00, 1.17)

0.037

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.58 (1.19, 2.11)

0.002

1.54 (1.15, 2.05)

0.003

1.43 (1.05, 1.96)

0.023

  Q3

1.84 (1.40, 2.44)

 < 0.001

1.77 (1.34, 2.36)

 < 0.001

1.55 (1.14, 2.11)

0.005

  Q4

2.35 (1.80, 3.08)

 < 0.001

2.19 (1.67, 2.90)

 < 0.001

1.85 (1.38, 2.50)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Wheeze

  PIV100 per SD

1.07 (1.00, 1.17)

0.092

1.08 (1.01, 1.19)

0.054

1.05 (0.99,1.13)

0.092

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.15 (0.93, 1.42)

0.211

1.22 (0.99, 1.52)

0.069

1.22 (0.96, 1.55)

0.1

  Q3

1.31 (1.06, 1.62)

0.011

1.44 (1.16, 1.78)

 < 0.001

1.31 (1.03, 1.65)

0.026

  Q4

1.56 (1.27, 1.91)

 < 0.001

1.70 (1.37, 2.10)

 < 0.001

1.47 (1.17, 1.86)

0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

 Exertional dyspnea

  PIV100 per SD

1.04 (0.95, 1.11)

0.264

1.04 (0.95, 1.11)

0.257

1.03 (0.89, 1.10)

0.579

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.35 (0.98, 1.87)

0.072

1.35 (0.97, 1.88)

0.076

1.18 (0.83, 1.68)

0.369

  Q3

1.19 (0.85,1.66)

0.308

1.18 (0.84, 1.66)

0.34

0.99 (0.69, 1.43)

0.955

  Q4

1.38 (1.00, 1.91)

0.051

1.37 (0.98, 1.91)

0.066

1.14 (0.80, 1.63)

0.472

  P for trend

0.115

0.15

0.715

Diseases, OR (95%CI)

 Asthma

  PIV100 per SD

1.01 (0.92, 1.07)

0.798

1.02 (0.93, 1.09)

0.502

1.01 (0.89, 1.08)

0.865

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

0.97 (0.78, 1.21)

0.781

1.02 (0.82, 1.27)

0.876

0.98 (0.77, 1.25)

0.895

  Q3

1.12 (0.91, 1.38)

0.3

1.18 (0.95, 1.47)

0.138

1.16 (0.92, 1.47)

0.212

  Q4

1.11 (0.90, 1.38)

0.329

1.16 (0.93, 1.45)

0.181

1.07 (0.84, 1.36)

0.587

  P for trend

0.179

0.093

0.354

 Emphysema

  PIV100 per SD

1.06 (0.96, 1.13)

0.095

1.07 (0.93, 1.15)

0.101

1.04 (0.78, 1.18)

0.756

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.61 (0.85, 3.15)

0.151

1.39 (0.73, 2.74)

0.325

1.02 (0.50, 2.10)

0.959

  Q3

2.92 (1.65, 5.45)

 < 0.001

2.39 (1.34, 4.52)

0.005

1.58 (0.84, 3.08)

0.166

  Q4

3.20 (1.83, 5.94)

 < 0.001

2.27 (1.28, 4.28)

0.007

1.35 (0.72, 2.64)

0.358

  P for trend

 < 0.001

0.002

0.225

 Chronic bronchitis

  PIV100 per SD

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

0.115

1.06 (0.98, 1.13)

0.053

1.05 (0.93, 1.12)

0.239

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.25 (0.92, 1.70)

0.161

1.24 (0.91, 1.70)

0.171

1.15 (0.81, 1.63)

0.443

  Q3

1.33 (0.98, 1.81)

0.066

1.29 (0.95, 1.77)

0.109

1.26 (0.90, 1.77)

0.189

  Q4

1.55 (1.16, 2.09)

0.003

1.47 (1.09, 2.01)

0.013

1.24 (0.88, 1.75)

0.215

  P for trend

0.003

0.016

0.198

Lung function measures, c (95%CI)

 FEV1

 PIV100 per SD

−0.70 (−20.8, 19.4)

0.946

−31.04 (−44.66, −17.43)

 < 0.001

−19.42 (−32.92, −5.92)

0.005

 Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Q2

69.55 (12.69, 126.40)

0.017

−42.69 (−81.09, −4.29)

0.029

−32.02 (−71.41, 7.37)

0.111

 Q3

29.90 (−26.99, 86.76)

0.303

−93.86 (−132.68, −55.03)

 < 0.001

−65.06 (−104.90, −25.22)

0.001

 Q4

−41.82 (−98.68, 15.03)

0.149

−191.91 (−231.05, −152.77)

 < 0.001

−146.29 (−186.41, −106.17)

 < 0.001

 P for trend

0.072

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FEV1%

  PIV100 per SD

−0.83 (−1.25, −0.40)

 < 0.001

−0.72 (−1.14, −0.29)

 < 0.001

−0.36 (−0.78, 0.07)

0.1

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

−1.18 (−2.38, 0.02)

0.053

−1.12 (−2.32, 0.09)

0.069

−0.86 (−2.10, 0.38)

0.176

  Q3

−2.28 (−3.48, −1.09)

 < 0.001

−2.23 (−3.45, −1.01)

 < 0.001

−1.41 (−2.66, −0.15)

0.028

  Q4

−4.77 (−5.96, −3.57)

 < 0.001

−4.41 (−5.63, −3.18)

 < 0.001

−2.99 (−4.25, −1.72)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FVC

  PIV100 per SD

16.89 (−8.97, 42.76)

0.201

−33.52 (−50.14, −16.91)

 < 0.001

−20.78 (−37.39, −4.17)

0.014

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

110.15 (7.04, 183.25)

0.003

−55.44 (−102.39, −8.50)

0.021

−48.97 (−97.51, −0.43)

0.048

  Q3

103.71 (30.59, 176.82)

0.005

−80.55 (−128.02, −33.09)

 < 0.001

−54.26 (−103.35, −5.16)

0.03

  Q4

34.84 (−38.27, 107.94)

0.35

−206.21 (−254.07, −158.36)

 < 0.001

−157.02 (−206.45, −107.58)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

0.406

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FVC%

  PIV100 per SD

−0.57 (−0.94, −0.19)

0.003

−0.52 (−0.90, −0.15)

0.007

−0.22 (−0.60, 0.16)

0.258

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

−1.08 (−2.14, −0.02)

0.047

−1.07 (−2.14, 0.00)

0.049

−0.99 (−2.10, 0.12)

0.08

  Q3

−1.22 (−2.28, −0.16)

0.025

−1.20 (−2.28, −0.12)

0.03

−0.71 (−1.84, 0.41)

0.213

  Q4

−3.40 (−4.46, −2.34)

 < 0.001

−3.28 (−4.37, −2.19)

 < 0.001

−2.16 (−3.29, −1.02)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 FEV1/FVC

  PIV100 per SD

−0.44 (−0.64, −0.23)

 < 0.001

−0.21 (−0.41, −0.02)

0.03

−0.16 (−0.35, 0.04)

0.11

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

−0.52 (−1.11, 0.06)

0.081

−0.14 (−0.69, 0.41)

0.614

0.03 (−0.54, 0.60)

0.918

  Q3

−1.46 (−2.05, −0.88)

 < 0.001

−1.00 (−1.56, −0.45)

 < 0.001

−0.68 (−1.26, −0.10)

0.021

  Q4

−1.98 (−2.57, −1.40)

 < 0.001

−1.05 (−1.61, −0.50)

 < 0.001

−0.75 (−1.33, −0.16)

0.012

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.002

Spirometry pattern, RRR (95%CI)

 Obstructive

  PIV100 per SD

1.24 (1.13, 1.37)

 < 0.001

1.11 (1.02, 1.22)

0.038

1.06 (1.00, 1.15)

0.069

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.23 (1.02, 1.49)

0.03

1.17 (0.96, 1.43)

0.124

1.11 (0.89, 1.38)

0.348

  Q3

1.54 (1.28, 1.85)

 < 0.001

1.48 (1.21, 1.80)

 < 0.001

1.34 (1.08, 1.66)

0.009

  Q4

1.88 (1.57, 2.26)

 < 0.001

1.63 (1.34, 1.98)

 < 0.001

1.45 (1.17, 1.80)

 < 0.001

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Restrictive

  PIV100 per SD

1.05 (0.99,1.16)

0.121

1.06 (0.99,1.17)

0.109

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.265

  Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Q2

1.14 (0.88, 1.48)

0.315

1.23 (0.94, 1.60)

0.129

1.20 (0.90, 1.60)

0.216

  Q3

1.06 (0.81, 1.39)

0.657

1.19 (0.90, 1.56)

0.222

1.11 (0.82, 1.49)

0.504

  Q4

1.64 (1.28, 2.11)

 < 0.001

1.82 (1.41, 2.37)

 < 0.001

1.52 (1.15, 2.03)

0.004

  P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.009