Table 1 Baseline, operative, and Post-Operative characteristics of the study population (n = 75)
|  | Total Cohort (n = 75) | RPLI (n = 21) | PNA (n = 18) |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics/Baseline Characteristics | ||||
Age | 54 (14) | 53 (12) | 56 (15) | Â |
Female Sex | 45 (60.0) | 13 (61.9) | 15 (83.3) | Â |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | 35 (9) | 34 (8) | 35 (9) | Â |
Race | ||||
   White | 45 (60.0) | 13 (61.9) | 13 (72.2) |  |
   Black | 25 (33.3) | 7 (33.3) | 3 (16.7) |  |
   Unknown/Not Reported | 5 (6.7) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (11.1) |  |
Ethnicity, | ||||
   Hispanic or Latino | 5 (6.7) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (11.1) |  |
History of Pneumonia (PNA) Six Months Prior PTE | 4 (5.3) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (11.1) | Â |
History of Smoking | ||||
   Never | 42 (56.0) | 13 (61.9) | 12 (66.7) |  |
   Quit within a year of PTE | 5 (6.7) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) |  |
   Quit before a year of PTE | 23 (30.7) | 5 (23.8) | 5 (27.8) |  |
   Current | 5 (6.7) | 2 (9.5) | 1 (5.6) |  |
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) | 27 (36.0) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (33.3) | Â |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type II (DMII) | 13 (17.3) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (16.7) | Â |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 19 (25.3) | 5 (23.8) | 5 (27.8) | Â |
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | 7 (9.3) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.6) | Â |
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | 23 (30.7) | 5 (23.8) | 6 (33.3) | Â |
Anemia | 32 (42.7) | 8 (38.1) | 8 (44.4) | Â |
CTEPH Comorbidities | ||||
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APLS) | 6 (8.0) | 4 (19.0) | 1 (5.6) | Â |
Splenectomy | 3 (4.0) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.6) | Â |
Ventriculoatrial (VA) Shunt | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
Prior Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) | 61 (81.3) | 18 (85.7) | 14 (77.8) | Â |
Obesity | 47 (62.7) | 9 (42.9) | 7 (38.9) | Â |
Clinical Risk Assessments | ||||
NYHA FC | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | Â |
6MWD | 311 ± 176 | 284 ± 180 | 289 ± 186 |  |
BNP | 252.6 ± 333.7 | 329.6 ± 408.7 | 399.6 ± 456.8 |  |
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) | ||||
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | 79.8 ± 14.0 | 79.7 ± 11.2 | 80.3 ± 14.5 |  |
Forced Expiratory Volume1 (FEV1) | 74.4 ± 14.4 | 80.9 ± 8.2 | 75.1 ± 19.2 |  |
FVC/FEV1 ratio | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.73 | Â |
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) | 87.0 ± 16.4 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.2 |  |
DLCO | 64.4 ± 17.6 | 62.3 ± 23.9 | 57.2 ± 18.3 |  |
Preoperative Hemodynamics | ||||
Mean Right Atrial Pressure (mRAP) | 10.2 ± 6.0 | 11.3 ± 5.3 | 10.2 ± 4.6 |  |
Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) | 45.8 ± 12.0 | 44.4 ± 9.3 | 44.2 ± 12.6 |  |
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) | 12.7 ± 5.0 | 15.0 ± 5.4 | 17.8 ± 5.6 |  |
Cardiac Index (CI) | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7 |  |
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) | 610.5 ± 336 | 562.2 ± 232 | 517.9 ± 248 |  |
Operative Characteristics | p-value | |||
Hypothermic Nadir* | 17.4 ± 0.9 | 17.0 ± 0.9 | 17.4 ± 1.0 | 0.40 |
Total Operative Time* (min) | 544.8 ± 62.1 | 557.8 ± 67.6 | 543 ± 60.4 | 0.58 |
Circulatory Arrest Time (min) | 44.5 ± 12.3 | 46.7 ± 13.2 | 44.2 ± 9.8 | 0.52 |
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (min) | 273.1 ± 43.5 | 281.5 ± 42.7 | 275.9 ± 46.7 | 0.70 |
Additional Operative Procedure, n (%) | 34 (45.3) | 10 (47.7) | 7 (38.9) | 0.75 |
Postoperative Hemodynamics | ||||
Mean Right Atrial Pressure (mRAP) | 8.0 (5.5) | 8.8 (6.4) | 9.6 (7.6) | 0.75 |
Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) | 30.3 (12.5) | 34.7 (14.1) | 40.6 (15.4) | 0.27 |
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) | 12.5 (6.7) | 13.4 (6.8) | 12.4 (8.5) | 0.71 |
Cardiac Index (CI) | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.4) | 0.75 |
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) | 3.5 (2.2) | 4.5 (2.8) | 6.0 (2.8) | 0.13 |
Postoperative Complications | ||||
Airway Hemorrhage | 4 (5.3) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (11.1) | 0.59 |
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) | 5 (6.7) | 3 (14.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0.68 |