Distinct risks of exacerbation and lung function decline between never-smokers and ever-smokers with COPD

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 5 Risk of any and frequent exacerbations according to smoking status

	Any exacerbation		Frequent exacerbations
	aOR (95% CI)	P-value*	aOR (95% CI)	P-value*
Never-smoker (vs. ever-smoker)	0.46 (0.26–0.8)	0.006	0.28 (0.09–0.89)	0.03
FEV₁, L	0.25 (0.17–0.37)	< 0.001	0.11 (0.51–0.22)	< 0.001
Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	1.1 (1.02–1.17)	0.011	1.01 (0.97–1.06)	0.684
Physician-diagnosed asthma	1.6 (1.05–2.44)	0.028	1.59 (0.77–3.26)	0.208
Interstitial lung disease	7.18 (1.48–34.95)	0.015	4.4 (0.83–23.23)	0.081
Inhaler medication possession ratio	2.13 (1.26–3.61)	0.005	3.87 (1.22–12.26)	0.022

*P-values were calculated through multivariable logistic regression analysis, including all variables
aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; FEV₁ = forced expiratory volume in 1 s

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