Table 2 Pairwise comparison of lung function, smoking status, Fe-NO, PD₂₀, and impulse oscillometry (IOS) parameters among patients diagnosed with asthma only, COPD (± asthma), other lung conditions, and Non-Lung disease conditions. The IOS parameters include total airway resistance (R₅), peripheral airway resistance (R_5-20), resonant frequency (Fres), and reactance area (A_X). Data are presented as means (minimum-maximum)

Females,%, n=1947

63.0

60.1

61.5

58.7

63.4

58.2

Ns

Ns

Ns

Age, years, n=1947

51.1 (18-93)

64.3 (19-89)

65.9 (19-89)

62.7 (22-88)

59.5 (18-86)

52.8 (18-87)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

BMI, kg/m², n=1947

27.7 (15.9-59.1)

27.7 (16.2-52.7)

27.4 (16.2-47.1)

28.1 (17.7-52.7)

27.7 (16.9-45.9)

26.8 (17.8-54.6)

0.04

Ns

Ns

FEV₁, %predicted, n=1943

87.8 (25-136)

71.5 (13-118)

71.5 (13-118)

71.5 (21-110)

88.1 (37-137)

97.6 (50-129)

<0.001

Ns

<0.001

FEV₁/FVC-ratio, n=1938

0.74 (0.32-0.99)

0.60 (0.29-0.84)

0.61 (0.29-0.84)

0.60 (0.33-0.80)

0.76 (0.53-0.99)

0.78 (0.58-1.0)

0.005

0.004

<0.001

TLC, %predicted, n=1717

100.3 (65-165)

105.5 (61-177)

104.2 (61-177)

105.8 (76-154)

95.3 (60-144)

100.9 (54-142)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

D_LCO, %predicted, n=1598

104.8 (48-199)

89.0 (27-164)

83.4 (27-161)

94.5 (42-164)

94.0 (34-142)

104.2 (37-157)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Smoking status, n=1946

Current smoker,%

4.1

17.7

20.3

15.1

7.9

8.6

Ns

0.02

<0.001

Ex-smoker,%

31.4

78.9

74.2

83.8

34.3

33.1

Ns

Ns

<0.001

Never smoker,%

64.5

3.3

5.5

1.1

57.9

58.2

Ns

Ns

<0.001

FeNO, ppb, n=1919

26.3 (0-226)

17.5 (0-174)

11.9 (0-99)

23.2 (0-174)

14.2 (2-56)

15.2 (0-101)

Ns

<0.001

<0.001

PD₂₀ ≤400 µg, n=1535

36.2% (269/704)

34.0% (66/194)

14.7% (15/102)

53.3% (56/105)

11.0% (19/172)

5.8% (27/465))

0.023

<0.001

Ns

R₅, (kPa/L/s), n=1947

0.41 (0.16-1.27)

0.47 (0.17-1.12)

0.47 (0.17-1.12)

0.47 (0.20-1.08)

0.38 (0.15-1.14)

0.34 (0.14-1.02)

<0.001

0.002

<0.001

R₅%predicted, n=1947

118.5 (45-306)

130.2 (41-302)

128.1 (41-299)

132.3 (64-302)

106.1 (36-301)

100.1 (37-270)

0.04

0.001

<0.001

R_5-20, (kPa/L/s), n=1946

0.075 (0-0.56)

0.134 (0-0.63)

0.138 (0-0.63)

0.129 (0-0.58)

0.070 (0-0.59)

0.041 (0-0.46)

<0.001

Ns

<0.001

Fres, Hz, n=1919

15.5 (5.0-43.8)

19.2 (4.2-47.3)

19.2 (6.7-47.3)

19.2 (4.2-34.8)

14.2 (6.4-29.7)

12.2 (4.8-41.3)

<0.001

0.02

<0.001

A_X, (kPa/L), n=1916

0.75 (0-7.3)

1.47 (0-7.9)

1.53 (0-7.9)

1.42 (0-7.6)

0.64 (0-5.0)

0.36 (0-7.8)

<0.001

0.02

<0.001