Table 1 Socio-demographic, anthropometric characteristics and inhaled and occupational exposures of PI*Mmalton (moderate and severe) and PI*ZZ patients

Sex

 Male, n (%)

14

(53.8%)

24

(72.7%)

432

(52.3%)

0.070

 Female, n (%)

12

(46.2%)

9

(27.3%)

394

(47.7%)

 Age, Mean ± SD

50.8

 ± 19.1

53.0

 ± 15.5

55.2

 ± 14.2

0.221

 BMI, Mean ± SD

24.7

 ± 4.5

25.5

 ± 4.4

26.0

 ± 5.1

0.379

 Smoking history

0.128²

 Smokers, n (%)

2

(7.7%)

2

(6.3%)

23

(2.8%)

 Former smokers, n(%)

14

(53.8%)

23

(71.9%)

468

(57.5%)

 Never smokers, n (%)

10

(38.5%)

7

(21.9%)

323

(39.7%)

 Pack-year, Median (IQR)

21^a

(18–41)

16^ab

(14–30)

15^b

(8–25)

0.020³

Inhaled exposure

 Biomass

0

(0.0%)

2

(6.1%)

19

(2.3%)

n.a

 Cocaine

0

(0.0%)

1

(3.0%)

8

(1.0%)

n.a

 E-cigarette

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

5

(0.6%)

n.a

 Marijuana

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

19

(2.3%)

n.a

 Others

1

(3.8%)

2

(6.1%)

19

(2.3%)

n.a

Occupational exposures

 Gases

1

(3.8%)

1

(3.0%)

25

(3.0%)

n.a

 Fumes

1

(3.8%)

1

(3.0%)

50

(6.0%)

n.a

 Dust

4

(15.4%)

6

(18.2%)

64

(7.7%)

n.a

 Asbestos

0

(0.0%)

1

(3.0%)

11

(1.3%)

n.a

 Other

6

(23.1%)

1

(3.0%)

37

(4.5%)

n.a