Smoking and asthma mediate the protective effect of educational attainment on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a mediation Mendelian randomization analysis

Table 1 Genome-wide association studies and consortium used in present study

Exposure/Outcome	Population	Participants	Data Source	Download Link
Years of schooling	European	766,345 participates	SSGAC Consortium	https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ieu-a−1239/
Cognitive performance	European	257,841 participates	IEU Open GWAS	https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ebi-a-GCST006572/
Intelligence	European	269,867 participates	IEU Open GWAS	https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ebi-a-GCST006250/
COPD	European	16,410 cases and 283,589 controls	Finngen	https://storage.googleapis.com/finngen-public-data-r8/summary_stats/finngen_R8_J10_COPD.gz
Smoking initiation	European	311,629 cases and 321,173 controls	GSCAN Consortium	https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ieu-b−4877/
Asthma	European	56,167 cases and 352,255 controls	IEU Open GWAS	https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ebi-a-GCST90014325/

ISSN: 1471-2466