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Table 2 Characteristics of P4P and non-P4P enrollees and main treatment facilities, 2010 and 2019

From: Does asthma pay-for-performance program really improve the quality of asthma care: a nationwide retrospective cohort analysis in Taiwan

 

2010

2019

Difference Between 2010 and 2019

P4P Group

Non-P4P Group

P Value

P4P Group

Non-P4P Group

P Value

P Value

Age, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

<.0001a

 < 6 years

13,283 (35.04)

73,026 (26.10)

 

11,094 (25.44)

77,137 (17.15)

 

<.0001b

 7–18 years

11,349 (29.94)

41,312 (14.77)

 

7,412 (17.00)

37,890 (8.42)

 

<.0001b

 19–64 years

9,783 (25.81)

104,859 (37.48)

 

16,389 (35.79)

173,302 (38.52)

 

0.3107b

 65 + years

3,496 (9.22)

60,561 (21.56)

 

8,705 (19.97)

161,579 (35.91)

 

0.0008b

Sex, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

<.0001a

 Male

20,249 (53.41)

143,868 (51.43)

 

20,936 (48.04)

246,707 (54.83)

 

< 0.001b

 Female

17,662 (46.59)

135,890 (48.57)

 

22,644 (51.96)

203,201 (45.17)

 

< 0.001b

CCI, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

<.0001a

 0–1

36,053 (95.10)

249,862 (89.31)

 

33,472 (76.77)

311,149 (69.16)

 

<.0001b

 2

1,105 (2.91)

17,736 (6.34)

 

3,940 (9.04)

59,780 (13.29)

 

0.1089b

 3+

753 (1.99)

12,160 (4.35)

 

6,188 (14.19)

78,979 (17.55)

 

<.0001b

Urbanization level of residence, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

0.4205 a

 Urban

33,150 (87.44)

231,478 (82.74)

 

38,206 (87.63)

373,793 (83.08)

 

< 0.001b

 Rural

4,761 (12.56)

48,280 (17.26)

 

5,394 (12.37)

76,115 (16.92)

 

< 0.001b

Rare and severe disease, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

0.6172 a

 Yes

3,124 (8.24)

40,914 (14.62)

 

3,635 (8.34)

64,837 (14.41)

 

< 0.001b

 No

34,787 (91.76)

238,844 (85.38)

 

39,965 (91.66)

385,071 (85.59)

 

< 0.001b

Low-income, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

0.0056 a

 Yes

467 (1.23)

5,769 (2.06)

 

635 (1.46)

9,934 (2.21)

 

0.0002b

 No

37,444 (98.77)

273,989 (97.94)

 

42,965 (98.54)

439,974 (97.79)

 

<.0001b

Main treatment facility’s accreditation level, No. (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

< 0.0001 a

 Medical center

1,844 (4.86)

38,288 (13.69)

 

4,015 (9.21)

69,606 (15.47)

 

< 0.001b

 Regional hospital

1,260 (3.32)

56,182 (20.08)

 

5,202 (11.93)

110,457 (24.55)

 

< 0.001b

 Community hospital

465 (1.23)

33,742 (12.06)

 

1,911 (4.38)

69,017 (15.34)

 

< 0.001b

 Clinic

34,342 (90.59)

151,546 (54.17)

 

32,469 (74.48)

200,828 (44.64)

 

< 0.001b

ED visits, No. (%)

749 (1.98)

27,086 (9.68)

< 0.001

574 (1.32)

33,129 (7.36)

< 0.001

< 0.001c

< 0.001d

Admission, No. (%)

199 (0.52)

13,882 (4.96)

< 0.001

293 (0.67)

26,442 (5.88)

< 0.001

< 0.001c

< 0.001d

ICS prescription rates, mean(SD)

10.29 (14.33)

8.74 (14.63)

< 0.001

12.59 (14.21)

10.14 (14.64)

< 0.001

< 0.001c

< 0.001d

  1. Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ED, emergency department; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; No., number; P4P, pay for performance
  2. a comparison between 2010 and 2019; b comparison between 2010 and 2019 under the same characteristics
  3. c comparison between 2010 and 2019 under the same characteristics P4P; d comparison between 2010 and 2019 under the same characteristics non-P4P
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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