Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the NHANES
From: Impact of COPD and sarcopenia on all-cause and respiratory mortality in US adults: NHANES 1999–2018
Variable | Total (n = 21961) | COPD-/SAR- (n = 19072) | COPD-/SAR+ (n = 2381) | COPD+/SAR- (n = 388) | COPD+/SAR+ (n = 120) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.21(0.19) | 41.17(0.20) | 50.63(0.42) | 54.00(0.63) | 60.32(1.37) | < 0.0001 |
Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Female | 10,777(49.81) | 9399(49.91) | 1112(45.82) | 215(62.78) | 51(43.65) | |
Male | 11,184(50.19) | 9673(50.09) | 1269(54.18) | 173(37.22) | 69(56.35) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.00(0.08) | 27.55(0.07) | 32.92(0.18) | 28.02(0.45) | 33.78(0.97) | < 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 95.95(0.20) | 94.85(0.20) | 107.30(0.42) | 99.12(1.09) | 113.83(2.42) | < 0.0001 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Mexican American | 4239(8.75) | 3195(7.90) | 1014(21.22) | 15(0.92) | 15(2.96) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 4354(10.35) | 4171(11.09) | 100(2.63) | 74(7.65) | 9(3.65) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 9627(68.08) | 8424(68.49) | 873(58.69) | 251(82.25) | 79(82.43) | |
Other Hispanic | 1529(6.16) | 1296(5.91) | 211(10.14) | 11(2.14) | 11(5.01) | |
Other races (Including multiracial) | 2212(6.67) | 1986(6.61) | 183(7.33) | 37(7.05) | 6(5.96) | |
Educational level, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Less than 9th grade | 2280(4.90) | 1558(4.00) | 643(14.44) | 50(7.71) | 29(13.82) | |
9-11th grade | 3101(10.76) | 2612(10.31) | 392(13.92) | 76(18.04) | 21(16.19) | |
High school graduate | 5031(23.84) | 4351(23.42) | 569(29.03) | 87(23.30) | 24(24.83) | |
College graduate or above | 5043(28.52) | 4693(29.94) | 276(14.65) | 62(20.51) | 12(9.95) | |
Some college or associate degree | 6506(31.99) | 5858(32.33) | 501(27.96) | 113(30.44) | 34(35.20) | |
Family income, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
High | 7273(43.47) | 6647(44.88) | 496(29.41) | 105(37.49) | 25(23.39) | |
Medium | 8198(35.13) | 7075(34.72) | 944(40.20) | 134(33.78) | 45(38.93) | |
Low | 6490(21.40) | 5350(20.41) | 941(30.39) | 149(28.73) | 50(37.68) | |
Marital status, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Living with partner | 1860(8.57) | 1699(8.85) | 137(6.26) | 22(6.18) | 2(2.79) | |
Married | 11,593(55.44) | 9903(55.03) | 1438(60.54) | 190(56.63) | 62(48.91) | |
Never married | 4625(20.81) | 4293(21.67) | 281(14.27) | 38(7.06) | 13(13.26) | |
Other | 3883(15.18) | 3177(14.45) | 525(18.93) | 138(30.13) | 43(35.05) | |
Alcohol user, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
former | 3232(12.28) | 2528(11.21) | 556(21.32) | 109(22.91) | 39(29.21) | |
heavy | 5040(24.49) | 4490(24.90) | 465(21.25) | 70(20.29) | 15(13.58) | |
moderate | 3568(18.36) | 3274(18.98) | 225(11.12) | 58(19.88) | 11(9.95) | |
mild | 7170(34.05) | 6354(34.58) | 652(28.58) | 122(30.34) | 42(35.64) | |
never | 2951(10.83) | 2426(10.33) | 483(17.74) | 29(6.59) | 13(11.62) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
former | 4777(22.03) | 3892(21.18) | 669(26.64) | 147(36.40) | 69(53.77) | |
never | 12,060(53.86) | 10,653(54.73) | 1326(55.13) | 64(17.33) | 17(12.37) | |
now | 5124(24.11) | 4527(24.10) | 386(18.23) | 177(46.27) | 34(33.86) | |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 14.45(0.02) | 14.45(0.02) | 14.46(0.05) | 14.29(0.11) | 14.35(0.22) | 0.43 |
Total bilirubin (mmol/L) | 11.46(0.08) | 11.53(0.08) | 10.76(0.17) | 10.73(0.47) | 10.87(0.69) | < 0.0001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.66(0.02) | 1.62(0.02) | 2.00(0.05) | 2.02(0.20) | 2.24(0.23) | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.09(0.01) | 5.07(0.01) | 5.25(0.03) | 5.41(0.09) | 5.29(0.14) | < 0.0001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.36(0.01) | 1.37(0.01) | 1.27(0.01) | 1.44(0.03) | 1.24(0.04) | < 0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.47(0.01) | 5.43(0.01) | 5.85(0.03) | 5.67(0.06) | 6.00(0.09) | < 0.0001 |
UACR (mg/g) | 5.93(4.03,10.33) | 5.77(3.98, 9.91) | 8.06(5.14,16.74) | 7.16(4.46,13.21) | 9.74(4.92,25.45) | < 0.0001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) | 99.25(85.24, 111.82) | 99.71(85.86, 111.94) | 97.93(81.53, 112.60) | 88.98(75.77, 101.03) | 88.07(73.23, 97.38) | < 0.0001 |
CVD | < 0.0001 | |||||
no | 20,362(94.61) | 17,980(95.82) | 2022(85.88) | 288(78.30) | 72(66.90) | |
yes | 1599(5.39) | 1092(4.18) | 359(14.12) | 100(21.70) | 48(33.10) | |
DM | < 0.0001 | |||||
no | 19,331(91.37) | 17,140(92.65) | 1786(78.63) | 328(87.89) | 77(63.60) | |
yes | 2630(8.63) | 1932(7.35) | 595(21.37) | 60(12.11) | 43(36.40) | |
Hypertension | < 0.0001 | |||||
no | 14,451(69.95) | 13,091(72.17) | 1167(51.57) | 161(47.99) | 32(27.33) | |
yes | 7510(30.05) | 5981(27.83) | 1214(48.43) | 227(52.01) | 88(72.67) | |
Follow-up time (month) | 135.00(64.00,201.00) | 156.00(65.00,203.00) | 105.00(60.00,189.00) | 99.00(63.00,179.00) | 91.00(45.00,142.00) | < 0.0001 |