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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of original and weighting cohort. Weighting cohort was calculated by inverse probability of treatment weighting. PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; P/F, PaO2/FiO2; SMD, standardized mean difference; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; NA, not applicable

From: Efficacy of early pulmonary rehabilitation in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

Original cohort

Weighting cohort a

 

PR group

(n = 39)

Control group

(n = 233)

P value

SMD

P value

Sex, female, n (%)

6 (15.4%)

172 (73.8%)

< 0.001

0.080

0.763

Age, mean (SD)

72.44 (9.52)

72.31 (12.03)

0.950

0.248

0.228

 18–45, n (%) b

0 (0.0)

6 (2.6)

0.671

0.226

0.031

 45–60, n (%)

3 (7.7)

28 (12.0)

0.607

0.335

0.037

 60–75, n (%)

20 (51.3)

94 (40.3)

0.269

0.681

0.009

 75+, n (%)

16 (41.0)

105 (45.1)

0.767

0.453

0.073

Comorbidities, n (%)

     

 Respiratory disease

6 (15.4)

32 (13.7)

0.980

0.049

0.837

 Hypertension

22 (56.4)

136 (58.4)

0.957

0.206

0.532

 Diabetes

16 (41.0)

86 (36.9)

0.755

0.197

0.532

 Coronary heart disease

11 (28.2)

65 (27.9)

1.000

0.098

0.772

Smoking history, n (%)

11 (28.2)

75 (32.2)

0.757

0.515

0.005

Drinking history, n (%)

10 (25.6)

47 (20.2)

0.573

0.320

0.058

Coinfection, n (%)

     

 Bacteria, n (%)

33 (84.6)

166 (71.2)

0.121

0.453

0.041

 Fungi, n (%)

12 (30.8)

51 (21.9)

0.312

0.106

0.735

Body temperature, mean (SD)

36.70 (36.50, 36.90)

36.60 (36.40, 37.00)

0.863

0.169

0.535

Mean arterial pressure, mean (SD)

92.00 (83.50, 101.00)

95.33 (87.67, 103.00)

0.173

0.141

0.524

Heart rate, mean (SD)

87.05 (14.90)

85.29 (16.53)

0.533

0.133

0.446

Respiratory rate, mean (SD)

20.00 (20.00, 21.50)

20.00 (19.00, 23.00)

0.519

0.042

0.821

SOFA scores, median (IQR)

2.00 (2.00, 4.00)

2.00 (2.00, 4.00)

0.196

0.123

0.978

APACHE II scores, median (IQR)

9.00 (7.00, 11.00)

11.00 (9.00, 15.00)

0.001

0.103

0.808

Baseline P/F, median (IQR)

149.09 (96.53, 219.05)

188.00 (108.75, 242.86)

0.081

0.343

0.245

Days from admission to intervention, mean (SD)

5.61 (5.37)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Baseline oxygen inhalation mode,

n (%)

     

 HFNC

7 (17.9)

25 (10.7)

0.305

0.072

0.700

 NIV

3 (7.7)

15 (6.4)

1.000

0.175

0.525

 Nasal cannula

17 (43.6)

100 (42.9)

1.000

0.313

0.304

 Mask

11 (28.2)

59 (25.3)

0.855

0.404

0.199

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

1 (2.6)

34 (14.6)

0.069

0.244

0.414

Antiviral drugs

24 (61.5)

137 (58.8)

0.884

0.209

0.520

Systemic steroid

38 (97.4)

203 (87.1)

0.109

0.428

0.008

  1. a. Calculated using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Sex, age, comorbidities, smoking history, drinking history, coinfection, body temperature, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, SOFA and APACHE II scores, baseline P/F ratio, and baseline oxygen inhalation mode were selected as weighting variables
  2. b. For age stratification, “18–45” means age ≥ 18y and < 45y. The following stratification was similar with this rule. “75+” means age ≥ 75y
  3. * PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; P/F, PaO2/FiO2; SMD, standardized mean difference; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; NA, not applicable
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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