Table 1 Participants’ baseline traits categorized by CVH (weighted)
From: Association between life’s crucial 9 and lung health: a population-based study
Characteristic | Cardiovascular health | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | P-value | |
N | 1725 (13.48%) | 7476 (70.25%) | 1260 (16.27%) | |
Age (year) | 56.13 (55.45–56.81) | 57.43 (56.89–57.97) | 55.43 (54.64–56.22) | < 0.0001 |
Gender | < 0.0001 | |||
Male | 809 (44.76%) | 3903 (50.66%) | 554 (40.50%) | |
Female | 916 (55.24%) | 3573 (49.34%) | 706 (59.50%) | |
Race | < 0.0001 | |||
Mexican American | 248 (6.27%) | 1139 (5.87%) | 122 (2.93%) | |
Other Hispanic | 133 (3.83%) | 624 (3.69%) | 75 (2.20%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 791 (70.18%) | 3836 (76.76%) | 814 (85.35%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 501 (15.66%) | 1509 (9.22%) | 133 (3.81%) | |
Other Race | 52 (4.05%) | 368 (4.46%) | 116 (5.72%) | |
Education level | < 0.0001 | |||
< High school | 707 (30.69%) | 2088 (17.67%) | 122 (4.92%) | |
High school | 458 (31.77%) | 1840 (25.65%) | 178 (12.61%) | |
> High school | 560 (37.54%) | 3548 (56.68%) | 960 (82.47%) | |
Marital status | < 0.0001 | |||
Married/living with partner | 903 (56.28%) | 4752 (68.53%) | 928 (78.88%) | |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 666 (35.25%) | 2178 (24.64%) | 259 (16.27%) | |
Never married | 156 (8.47%) | 546 (6.83%) | 73 (4.85%) | |
Drinking | 0.0716 | |||
Yes | 1218 (74.30%) | 5212 (74.99%) | 926 (78.64%) | |
No | 507 (25.70%) | 2264 (25.01%) | 334 (21.36%) | |
Cardiovascular disease | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 439 (22.00%) | 1037 (11.31%) | 98 (5.84%) | |
No | 1286 (78.00%) | 6439 (88.69%) | 1162 (94.16%) | |
Cancer or malignancy | 0.0793 | |||
Yes | 179 (11.11%) | 1002 (13.45%) | 170 (12.58%) | |
No | 1546 (88.89%) | 6474 (86.55%) | 1090 (87.42%) | |
Fumes at work | 0.0040 | |||
Yes | 93 (6.28%) | 448 (7.15%) | 45 (4.14%) | |
No | 1632 (93.72%) | 7028 (92.85%) | 1215 (95.86%) | |
Second-hand smoke at home | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 684 (41.34%) | 1053 (14.09%) | 27 (1.96%) | |
No | 1041 (58.66%) | 6423 (85.91%) | 1233 (98.04%) | |
Family history of asthma | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 408 (23.09%) | (16.73%) | (13.46%) | |
No | 1317 (76.91%) | 6253 (83.27%) | 1076 (86.54%) | |
Family PIR | 2.40 (2.24–2.56) | 3.25 (3.16–3.34) | 4.02 (3.91–4.14) | < 0.0001 |
WBC (103/uL) | 8.16 (8.01–8.31) | 7.12 (7.04–7.19) | 6.20 (6.09–6.31) | < 0.0001 |
Hb (g/dL) | 14.41 (14.25–15.57) | 14.30 (14.21–14.39) | 14.08 (13.97–14.18) | < 0.0001 |
PLT (103/uL) | 269.62 (263.75-275.49) | 254.18 (251.26–257.10) | 240.74 (236.12-245.36) | < 0.0001 |
Eosinophil (103/uL) | 0.24 (0.23–0.25) | 0.20 (0.20–0.21) | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) | < 0.0001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) | 0.49 (0.47–0.51) | 0.28 (0.24–0.31) | < 0.0001 |
2-NAP (ng/g) | 1819.73 (1440.20-2199.26) | 581.98 (361.45-802.52) | 512.94 (259.79-766.09) | < 0.0001 |
1-PYR (ng/g) | 3.14 (2.91,3.38) | 1.99 (1.90, 2.07) | 1.62 (1.46–1.78) | < 0.0001 |
Pb (ug/g) | 0.0087 (0.0081–0.0093) | 0.0077 (0.0075–0.0080) | 0.0078 (0.0072–0.0083) | 0.0278 |
Cd (ug/g) | 0.0049 (0.0046–0.0053) | 0.0038 (0.0037–0.0039) | 0.0035 (0.0032–0.0038) | < 0.0001 |
Cough | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 378 (23.44%) | 758 (11.02%) | 44 (2.90%) | |
No | 1347 (76.56%) | 6718 (88.98%) | 1216 (97.10%) | |
Phlegm | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 323 (19.07%) | 685 (9.17%) | 48 (3.28%) | |
No | 1402 (80.93%) | 6791 (90.83%) | 1212 (96.72%) | |
Wheeze | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 497 (30.32%) | 968 (13.80%) | 73 (6.58%) | |
No | 1228 (69.68%) | 6508 (86.20%) | 1187 (93.42%) | |
Asthma | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 354 (20.88%) | 837 (12.05%) | 124 (11.28%) | |
No | 1371 (79.12%) | 6639 (87.95%) | 1136 (88.72%) | |
Emphysema | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 115 (7.20%) | 194 (2.33%) | 7 (0.40%) | |
No | 1610 (92.80%) | 7282 (97.67%) | 1253 (99.60%) | |
Chronic bronchitis | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 215 (13.05%) | 453 (6.54%) | 45 (3.80%) | |
No | 1510 (86.95%) | 7023 (93.46%) | 1215 (96.20%) | |
COPD | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 72 (8.57%) | 280 (7.77%) | 23 (2.73%) | |
No | 878 (91.43%) | 3855 (92.23%) | 760 (97.27%) | |
FEV1 (ml) | 2660.62 (2586.82-2734.41) | 2938.34 (2903.71-2972.98) | 3120.92 (3058.21-3183.63) | < 0.001 |
FVC (ml) | 3560.14 (3455.63-3664.65) | 3902.27 (3857.10-3947.43) | 4100.12 (4019.50-4180.74) | < 0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | 0.75 (0.74–0.75) | 0.75 (0.75–0.76) | 0.76 (0.76–0.77) | 0.0003 |
LC9 score | 42.54 (42.18–42.89) | 65.09 (64.74–65.44) | 85.90 (85.54–86.25) | < 0.001 |