Table 1 Included studies
Author, year | Design and setting | Eligibility criteria | Case-finding tool used | Comorbidities | CRD identified | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sharma, 2017 | Cross-sectional study: conducted in a tertiary-level care center. | Inclusion Criteria: clinically stable patients in the age group of 18–60 years, who had been undergoing hemodialysis for more than three months. | Spirometry | CKD in end stage (n = 50) | Post-dialysis: 82% - restrictive pulmonary disorder.1 6% - obstructive respiratory disorder.1 12% - pulmonary function within the normal range | Demographics of the study population are not mentioned, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. |
Fernandes, 2018 | Cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary cardiac hospital. | Inclusion Criteria: Patients over 40 years of age referred for cardiac CT were screened. | Spirometry | Cardiovascular disease in investigation (n = 205) | Obstructive lung disease (n = 23).1 PRISm (n = 35). | The sample of 205 included patients under investigation of cardiovascular disease, not necessarily confirmed. |
Martins, 2022 | Cross-sectional study was conducted in nine Basic Health Units (primary care centres). | Inclusion Criteria: Patients aged ≥ 40 years with clinician-diagnosed hypertension who attended routine consultations at their registered Basic Health Unit. | Peak flow Pre-bronchodilator Microspirometry Questionnaires: CDQ CAPTURE COPD-SQ SBQ | Hypertension (n = 1,162) | Asthma (n = 12) COPD/asthma (n = 19) COPD (n = 60) | Unclear whether outcome assessors were blinded. Included patients with previously diagnosed CRD. |