Fig. 3

PD-L1-associated genomic signatures across NSCLC subtypes and stages. LUAD Subgroups. A. Early-stage (I-III). TP53 and LRP1B were more significantly expressed in high PD-L1 expression subgroup (TP53: High: 68.85% vs. Low: 49.62% vs. Negative: 32.48%, p < 0.001; LRP1B: High: 27.87% vs. Low: 17.29% vs. Negative: 8.97%, p < 0.001), while EGFR was more common in negative PD-L1 expression subgroup (High: 19.67% vs. Low: 51.13% vs. Negative: 64.74%, p < 0.001). B. Advanced stage (IV). TP53, KRAS and MET were more significantly expressed in high PD-L1 expression subgroup (TP53: High: 64.15% vs. Low: 59.51% vs. Negative: 51.05%, p < 0.001; KRAS: High: 23.02% vs. Low: 13.44% vs. Negative: 11.03%, p < 0.001; MET: High: 10.19% vs. Low: 4.19% vs. Negative: 3.22%, p < 0.001), while EGFR was also observed to be associated with negative PD-L1 expression (High: 31.70% vs. Low: 52.53% vs. Negative: 55.14%, p < 0.001). C. Early-stage (I-III). The proportion of NFE2L2 and ASXL1 genes was higher in the group with high PD-L1 expression (NFE2L2: High: 42.86% vs. Low: 11.29% vs. Negative: 2.86%, p < 0.001; ASXL1: High: 23.81% vs. Low: 1.61% vs. Negative: 11.43%, p = 0.003). D. Advanced stage (IV). AR and ARID1A genes were more significantly expressed in the group with high PD-L1 expression (AR: High: 10.71% vs. Low: 2.47% vs. Negative: 0.65%, p < 0.001; ARID1A: High: 17.86% vs. Low: 8.64% vs. Negative: 4.52%, p = 0.004), while MLL2 genes was more significantly expressed in the group with negative PD-L1 expression (MLL2: High: 19.05% vs. Low: 30.25% vs. Negative: 36.77%, p = 0.016). Circles represent PD-L1 expression levels: red (high), green (low), blue (negative). NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma